匿名通过本文主要向大家介绍了MySQL，DBCP，c3p0等相关知识,希望本文的分享对您有所帮助
本文详细描述MySQL之—使用c3p0与DBCP连接池，造成的MySql 8小时问题的详细代码解决方案，具有一定参考价值，下面是详述。
一、问题描述
最近在做一个Java Web项目，框架为Spring MVC+JPA，使用c3p0连接池，发布环境为Tomcat 7，项目运行一段时间（大概几个小时），之后访问时会出现第一次访问报错，再次访问正常的现象，且多次出现此问题。以下是报错日志：
org.springframework.transaction.CannotCreateTransactionException: Could not open JPA EntityManager for transaction;
nested exception is javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.TransactionException: JDBC begin transaction failed:
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager.doBegin(JpaTransactionManager.java:428)
at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.getTransaction(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:372)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.createTransactionIfNecessary(TransactionAspectSupport.java:417)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:255)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:94)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:631)
at com.appcarcare.cube.service.UserService
EnhancerByCGLIB
a4429cba.getUserDao(<generated>)
at com.appcarcare.cube.servlet.DataCenterServlet$SqlTimer.connectSql(DataCenterServlet.java:76)
at com.appcarcare.cube.servlet.DataCenterServlet$SqlTimer.run(DataCenterServlet.java:70)
at java.util.TimerThread.mainLoop(Timer.java:555)
at java.util.TimerThread.run(Timer.java:505)
Caused by: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.TransactionException: JDBC begin transaction failed:
at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.convert(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:1387)
at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.convert(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:1310)
at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.throwPersistenceException(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:1397)
at org.hibernate.ejb.TransactionImpl.begin(TransactionImpl.java:62)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.DefaultJpaDialect.beginTransaction(DefaultJpaDialect.java:71)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.beginTransaction(HibernateJpaDialect.java:60)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager.doBegin(JpaTransactionManager.java:378)
... 11 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.TransactionException: JDBC begin transaction failed:
at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.doBegin(JdbcTransaction.java:76)
at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.spi.AbstractTransactionImpl.begin(AbstractTransactionImpl.java:160)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.beginTransaction(SessionImpl.java:1426)
at org.hibernate.ejb.TransactionImpl.begin(TransactionImpl.java:59)
... 14 more
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure
The last packet successfully received from the server was 1,836,166 milliseconds ago.
The last packet sent successfully to the server was 29,134 milliseconds ago.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1117)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.reuseAndReadPacket(MysqlIO.java:3567)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.reuseAndReadPacket(MysqlIO.java:3456)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3997)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:2468)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2629)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2713)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.setAutoCommit(ConnectionImpl.java:5060)
at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyConnection.setAutoCommit(NewProxyConnection.java:881)
at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.doBegin(JdbcTransaction.java:72)
... 17 more
Caused by: java.net.SocketException: Software caused connection abort: recv failed
at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:150)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:121)
at com.mysql.jdbc.util.ReadAheadInputStream.fill(ReadAheadInputStream.java:114)
at com.mysql.jdbc.util.ReadAheadInputStream.readFromUnderlyingStreamIfNecessary(ReadAheadInputStream.java:161)
at com.mysql.jdbc.util.ReadAheadInputStream.read(ReadAheadInputStream.java:189)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.readFully(MysqlIO.java:3014)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.reuseAndReadPacket(MysqlIO.java:3467)
... 25 more二、原因分析
MySQL服务器默认的“wait_timeout”是28800秒即8小时，意味着如果一个连接的空闲时间超过8个小时，MySQL将自动断开该连接，而连接池却认为该连接还是有效的(因为并未校验连接的有效性)，当应用申请使用该连接时，就会导致上面的报错
三、解决方案
解决这个问题的办法有三种，推荐第二种：
1. 增加 MySQL 的 wait_timeout 属性的值
修改mysql安装目录下的配置文件 my.ini文件（如果没有此文件，复制“my-default.ini”文件，生成“复件 my-default.ini”文件。将“复件 my-default.ini”文件重命名成“my.ini” ），在文件中设置
wait_timeout=31536000 interactive_timeout=31536000
这两个参数的默认值是8小时(60*60*8=28800)。
注意： 1.wait_timeout的最大值只允许2147483 （24天左右）
2.修改配置文件为网上大部分文章所提供的方式，也可以使用mysql命令对这两个属性进行修改
2. 减少连接池内连接的生存周期
减少连接池内连接的生存周期，使之小于上一项中所设置的wait_timeout 的值。
修改 c3p0 的配置文件，在 Spring 的配置文件中设置：
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="maxIdleTime"value="1800"/>
<!--other properties -->
</bean>3. 定期使用连接池内的连接
定期使用连接池内的连接，使得它们不会因为闲置超时而被 MySQL 断开。
修改 c3p0 的配置文件,在 Spring 的配置文件中设置
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="preferredTestQuery" value="SELECT 1"/>
<property name="idleCon