数据库中经常用到的操作和管理数据库的语句总结第1/2页

数据库中经常用到的操作和管理数据库的语句，感谢作者的辛勤劳动，很多。

/*
--整理者：永恒de影

--整理时间：2010/06/08

--内容：SQL函数的介绍：
*/

--★★SQL2000查询出各（某）表字段的属性:★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

SELECT
表名 = case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end,
表说明 = case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,'') else '' end,
字段序号 = a.colorder,
字段名 = a.name,
标识 = case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else '' end,
主键 = case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype='PK' and parent_obj=a.id and name in (
SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in(
SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid))) then '√' else '' end,
类型 = b.name,
占用字节数 = a.length,
长度 = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION'),
小数位数 = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0),
允许空 = case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end,
默认值 = isnull(e.text,''),
字段说明 = isnull(g.[value],'')
FROM
syscolumns a
left join
systypes b
on
a.xusertype=b.xusertype
inner join
sysobjects d
on
a.id=d.id and d.xtype='U' and d.name<>'dtproperties'
left join
syscomments e
on
a.cdefault=e.id
left join
sysproperties g
on
a.id=g.id and a.colid=g.smallid
left join
sysproperties f
on
d.id=f.id and f.smallid=0
where
d.name='要查询的表' --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
order by
a.id,a.colorder


--★★SQL2005查询出各（某）表字段的属性:★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
-- ========================================================================
-- 表结构信息查询
-- 邹建 2005.08(引用请保留此信息)
-- ========================================================================
SELECT
TableName=CASE WHEN C.column_id=1 THEN O.name ELSE N'' END,
TableDesc=ISNULL(CASE WHEN C.column_id=1 THEN PTB.[value] END,N''),
Column_id=C.column_id,
ColumnName=C.name,
PrimaryKey=ISNULL(IDX.PrimaryKey,N''),
[IDENTITY]=CASE WHEN C.is_identity=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
Computed=CASE WHEN C.is_computed=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
Type=T.name,
Length=C.max_length,
Precision=C.precision,
Scale=C.scale,
NullAble=CASE WHEN C.is_nullable=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
[Default]=ISNULL(D.definition,N''),
ColumnDesc=ISNULL(PFD.[value],N''),
IndexName=ISNULL(IDX.IndexName,N''),
IndexSort=ISNULL(IDX.Sort,N''),
Create_Date=O.Create_Date,
Modify_Date=O.Modify_date
FROM sys.columns C
INNER JOIN sys.objects O
ON C.[object_id]=O.[object_id]
AND O.type='U'
AND O.is_ms_shipped=0
INNER JOIN sys.types T
ON C.user_type_id=T.user_type_id
LEFT JOIN sys.default_constraints D
ON C.[object_id]=D.parent_object_id
AND C.column_id=D.parent_column_id
AND C.default_object_id=D.[object_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PFD
ON PFD.class=1
AND C.[object_id]=PFD.major_id
AND C.column_id=PFD.minor_id
-- AND PFD.name='Caption' -- 字段说明对应的描述名称(一个字段可以添加多个不同name的描述)
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PTB
ON PTB.class=1
AND PTB.minor_id=0
AND C.[object_id]=PTB.major_id
-- AND PFD.name='Caption' -- 表说明对应的描述名称(一个表可以添加多个不同name的描述)
LEFT JOIN -- 索引及主键信息
(
SELECT
IDXC.[object_id],
IDXC.column_id,
Sort=CASE INDEXKEY_PROPERTY(IDXC.[object_id],IDXC.index_id,IDXC.index_column_id,'IsDescending')
WHEN 1 THEN 'DESC' WHEN 0 THEN 'ASC' ELSE '' END,
PrimaryKey=CASE WHEN IDX.is_primary_key=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
IndexName=IDX.Name
FROM sys.indexes IDX
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns IDXC
ON IDX.[object_id]=IDXC.[object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=IDXC.index_id
LEFT JOIN sys.key_constraints KC
ON IDX.[object_id]=KC.[parent_object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=KC.unique_index_id
INNER JOIN -- 对于一个列包含多个索引的情况,只显示第1个索引信息
(
SELECT [object_id], Column_id, index_id=MIN(index_id)
FROM sys.index_columns
GROUP BY [object_id], Column_id
) IDXCUQ
ON IDXC.[object_id]=IDXCUQ.[object_id]
AND IDXC.Column_id=IDXCUQ.Column_id
AND IDXC.index_id=IDXCUQ.index_id
) IDX
ON C.[object_id]=IDX.[object_id]
AND C.column_id=IDX.column_id
-- WHERE O.name=N'要查询的表' -- 如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
ORDER BY O.name,C.column_id

--★★SQL2005索引及主键信息 :★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
-- ========================================================================
-- 索引及主键信息
-- 邹建 2005.08(引用请保留此信息)
-- ========================================================================
SELECT
TableId=O.[object_id],
TableName=O.Name,
IndexId=ISNULL(KC.[object_id],IDX.index_id),
IndexName=IDX.Name,
IndexType=ISNULL(KC.type_desc,'Index'),
Index_Column_id=IDXC.index_column_id,
ColumnID=C.Column_id,
ColumnName=C.Name,
Sort=CASE INDEXKEY_PROPERTY(IDXC.[object_id],IDXC.index_id,IDXC.index_column_id,'IsDescending')
WHEN 1 THEN 'DESC' WHEN 0 THEN 'ASC' ELSE '' END,
PrimaryKey=CASE WHEN IDX.is_primary_key=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
[UQIQUE]=CASE WHEN IDX.is_unique=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
Ignore_dup_key=CASE WHEN IDX.ignore_dup_key=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
Disabled=CASE WHEN IDX.is_disabled=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
Fill_factor=IDX.fill_factor,
Padded=CASE WHEN IDX.is_padded=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END
FROM sys.indexes IDX
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns IDXC
ON IDX.[object_id]=IDXC.[object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=IDXC.index_id
LEFT JOIN sys.key_constraints KC
ON IDX.[object_id]=KC.[parent_object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=KC.unique_index_id
INNER JOIN sys.objects O
ON O.[object_id]=IDX.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.columns C
ON O.[object_id]=C.[object_id]
AND O.type='U'
AND O.is_ms_shipped=0
AND IDXC.Column_id=C.Column_id


--★★SQL Server对大容量内存的支持:★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

/*
32位操作系统有个很大的缺陷，应用程序无法访问大于4G的进程地址空间，因为32位的指针无法保存大于4G的地址空间
如果大于4G，则需要使用地址窗口化扩展插件(AWE)，具体操作如下：
1，启动物理地址扩展
(1)找到C:\boot.ini,并删除其只读属性.
(2)编辑boot.ini，在ARC路径中添加/PAE参数.例如：
在windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition 中，编辑后的ARC路径如下：
muti(0)disk(0)partition(1)windows="windows Server 2003 Enterprise,Edition"/fastdetect/PAE
保存后将其恢复为只读模式，然后重新启动计算机。

如果计算机上的可用物理内存超过16G，应确保boot.ini文件中没有/3gb参数
*/

--★★如何启动AWE选项:★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

sp_configure'show advanced options',1
reconfigure
go
sp_configue 'awe enabled',1
reconfigure
go

--★★手动配置内存选项:★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

sp_configure'show advanced options',1
go
reconfigure
go
sp_configure 'min server memory' --服务器最小内存
sp_configure 'max server memory' --服务器最大内存
sp_configure 'index create memory'--创建索引占用的内存
sp_configure 'min memory per query'--每次查询占用的最小内存


--★★获取磁盘读写情况:★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

select
@@total_read as '读取磁盘的次数',
@@total_write as '写入磁盘的次数',
@@total_error as '磁盘写入错误数',
getdate() as '当前时间'

--★★获取数据库文件的I/O统计信息:★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

select * from fn_virtualfilestats(null,null)

--★★获取I/O工作情况:★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

select
@@id_busy，--SQL自上次启动以来的用于执行输入和输出操作的时间
@@timeticks, --每个时钟周期对应的微秒数
@@id_busy*@@timeticks as 'I/O 操作毫秒数',
getdate() as '当前时间'

--★★查看SQL SEVER CP