Vue.js教程之axios与网络传输的学习实践

前言

在学习了之前的路由vue-router和状态管理vuex之后，就应该是网络交互了。就学习尤大推荐的axios了。刚好本人对网络请求这块除了会get、put、post和delete这四个方法之外知之甚少，刚好补全上。

注意：Vue官方推荐的网络通信库不再是vue-resource了，推荐使用axios。

为何放弃vue-resource？

尤大的原话：

最近团队讨论了一下，Ajax 本身跟 Vue 并没有什么需要特别整合的地方，使用 fetch polyfill 或是 axios、superagent 等等都可以起到同等的效果，vue-resource 提供的价值和其维护成本相比并不划算，所以决定在不久以后取消对 vue-resource 的官方推荐。已有的用户可以继续使用，但以后不再把 vue-resource 作为官方的 ajax 方案。

axios安装

npm:

$ npm install axios

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bower:

$ bower install axios

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Using cdn:

<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>

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基本使用方法

GET请求

// Make a request for a user with a given ID
axios.get('/user?ID=12345')
 .then(function (response) {
 console.log(response);
 })
 .catch(function (error) {
 console.log(error);
 });

// Optionally the request above could also be done as
axios.get('/user', {
 params: {
 ID: 12345
 }
 })
 .then(function (response) {
 console.log(response);
 })
 .catch(function (error) {
 console.log(error);
 });

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POST请求

 axios.post('/user', {
 firstName: 'Fred',
 lastName: 'Flintstone'
 })
 .then(function (response) {
 console.log(response);
 })
 .catch(function (error) {
 console.log(error);
 });

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同时执行多个请求

function getUserAccount() {
 return axios.get('/user/12345');
}

function getUserPermissions() {
 return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
}

axios.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
 .then(axios.spread(function (acct, perms) {
 // Both requests are now complete
 }));

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其实和其他的ajax库一样，基本用法都是差不多的。大家一看就知道怎么用。

axios API

可以直接通过config来完成请求

axios(config)

axios({
 method: 'post',
 url: '/user/12345',
 data: {
 firstName: 'Fred',
 lastName: 'Flintstone'
 }
});

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axios(url, [config])

// Send a GET request (default method)
axios('/user/12345');

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请求方法别名

下面是axios支持的所有请求方法别名，便于各种请求。

注： [...]中的数据表示可以为空。url是ajax请求地址；data是提交的数据对象；config是配置对象，所有ajax配置都可以在config中实现。

• axios.request(config)
• axios.get(url[, config])
• axios.delete(url[, config])
• axios.head(url[, config])
• axios.post(url[, data[, config]])
• axios.put(url[, data[, config]])
• axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])
  

并发性

下列接口用于处理并发请求(同时处理多个多个request)

• axios.all(iterable)
• axios.spread(callback)
  

axios实例

可以用自定义的config创建一个axios实例

axios.create([config])

var instance = axios.create({
 baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
 timeout: 1000,
 headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
});

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实例方法

下面是实例的所有可用方法，方法中的config会与axios实例中的config合并。（实例可以将一些通用的config先配置好）

• axios#request(config)
• axios#get(url, [config])
• axios#delete(url, [config])
• axios#head(url, [config])
• axios#post(url[, data[, config]])
• axios#put(url[, data[, config]])
• axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])
  

Config

重点来了，来看看Config。

下面列出了config的所有配置项，其中之后url是必填的。当method没有指定方法，默认为GET。

{
 // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
 // 用来向服务器发送请求的url
 url: '/user',

 // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
 // 请求方法
 method: 'get', // default

 // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
 // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
 // to methods of that instance.
 // 假如`url`不是绝对路径，那么向服务器发送请求的URL将是`baseURL + url`
 baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',

 // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
 // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH'
 // The last function in the array must return a string, an ArrayBuffer, or a Stream
 transformRequest: [function (data) {
 // Do whatever you want to transform the data

 return data;
 }],

 // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
 // it is passed to then/catch
 transformResponse: [function (data) {
 // Do whatever you want to transform the data

 return data;
 }],

 // `headers` are custom headers to be sent
 headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},

 // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
 // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
 params: {
 ID: 12345
 },

 // `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params`
 // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/)
 paramsSerializer: function(params) {
 return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'})
 },

 // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
 // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH'
 // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
 // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
 // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
 // - Node only: Stream
 data: {
 firstName: 'Fred'
 },

 // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
 // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
 timeout: 1000,

 // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
 // should be made using credentials
 withCredentials: false, // default

 // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
 // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see [response docs](#response-api)).
 adapter: function (config) {
 /* ... */
 },

 // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
 // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
 // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
 auth: {
 username: 'janedoe',
 password: 's00pers3cret'
 },

 // `responseType` indicates the t