主从服务器的时间要同步,数据库版本最好是一致的,以免造成函数处理、日志读取、日志解析等发生异常。
以下三个主从复制的设置是独立的。
注意防火墙和selinux的影响。
1、简单主从复制的实现
(1)主服务器的配置
1)安装mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1 (id号不能跟从服务器相同)
log-bin = master-log (自定义二进制日志文件名)
3)授权可以复制本地数据库信息的主机
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service (启动mariadb server) [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G (查看主服务器的状态信息,在从服务器中要用到) *************************** 1. row *************************** File: master-log.000003 (正在使用的二进制日志文件) Position: 497 (所处的位置) Binlog_Do_DB: Binlog_Ignore_DB:</div>
(2)从服务器的配置
1)安装mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2 (id号不能跟主服务器相同)
relay-log = slave-log (自定义二进制日志文件名)
3)设置要从哪个主服务器的那个位置开始同步
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=497; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; (启动复制功能) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (查看从服务器的状态,下面显示的是部分内容) Master_Host: 10.1.51.60 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 497 Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 530 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Master_Server_Id: 1</div>
(3)测试
1)在主服务器导入事先准备好的数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql < hellodb.sql
2)在从服务器查看是否同步
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | hellodb |(数据库已经同步) | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb; MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables; (hellodb数据库的表也是同步的) +-------------------+ | Tables_in_hellodb | +-------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | students | | teachers | | toc | +-------------------+</div>
2、双主复制的实现
(1)服务器1的配置
1)安装mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1 (id号不能跟从服务器相同)
log-bin = master-log (自定义主服务器的二进制日志文件名)
relay-log = slave-log (自定义从服务器的二进制日志文件名)
auto_increment_offset = 1
auto_increment_increment = 2
3)在服务器2上查看的master状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** File: master-log.000003 Position: 422 Binlog_Do_DB: Binlog_Ignore_DB:</div>
4)启动mariadb server并进行如下配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd'; MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.50',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=422; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G (仅是部分内容) Master_Host: 10.1.51.50 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422 Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 530 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Master_Server_Id: 2</div>
(2)服务器2的配置
1)安装mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2
relay-log = slave-log
lob-bin = master-log
auto_increment_offset = 2
auto_increment_increment = 2
3)在服务器1查看master状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: master-log.000003
Position: 245
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
4)启动mariadb server并配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service [root@localhost ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd'; MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (仅是部分内容) Master_Host: 10.1.51.60 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422 Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 530 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Master_Server_Id: 1</div>
(3)测试
1)在任意一台服务器上创建mydb数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> create database mydb;
2)在另一台服务器上查