Redis中的数据过期策略详解

1、Redis中key的的过期时间

通过EXPIRE key seconds命令来设置数据的过期时间。返回1表明设置成功，返回0表明key不存在或者不能成功设置过期时间。在key上设置了过期时间后key将在指定的秒数后被自动删除。被指定了过期时间的key在Redis中被称为是不稳定的。

当key被DEL命令删除或者被SET、GETSET命令重置后与之关联的过期时间会被清除

127.0.0.1:6379> setex s 20 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 17
127.0.0.1:6379> setex s 200 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 195
127.0.0.1:6379> setrange s 3 100
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 152
127.0.0.1:6379> get s
"1\x00\x00100"
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 108
127.0.0.1:6379> getset s 200
"1\x00\x00100"
127.0.0.1:6379> get s
"200"
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) -1

使用PERSIST可以清除过期时间

127.0.0.1:6379> setex s 100 test
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get s
"test"
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 94
127.0.0.1:6379> type s
string
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen s
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> persist s
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) -1
127.0.0.1:6379> get s
"test"

使用rename只是改了key值

127.0.0.1:6379> expire s 200
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl s
(integer) 198
127.0.0.1:6379> rename s ss
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl ss
(integer) 187
127.0.0.1:6379> type ss
string
127.0.0.1:6379> get ss
"test"

说明：Redis2.6以后expire精度可以控制在0到1毫秒内，key的过期信息以绝对Unix时间戳的形式存储（Redis2.6之后以毫秒级别的精度存储），所以在多服务器同步的时候，一定要同步各个服务器的时间

2、Redis过期键删除策略

Redis key过期的方式有三种：

1. 被动删除：当读/写一个已经过期的key时，会触发惰性删除策略，直接删除掉这个过期key
2. 主动删除：由于惰性删除策略无法保证冷数据被及时删掉，所以Redis会定期主动淘汰一批已过期的key
3. 当前已用内存超过maxmemory限定时，触发主动清理策略
   

被动删除

只有key被操作时(如GET)，REDIS才会被动检查该key是否过期，如果过期则删除之并且返回NIL。

1、这种删除策略对CPU是友好的，删除操作只有在不得不的情况下才会进行，不会其他的expire key上浪费无谓的CPU时间。

2、但是这种策略对内存不友好，一个key已经过期，但是在它被操作之前不会被删除，仍然占据内存空间。如果有大量的过期键存在但是又很少被访问到，那会造成大量的内存空间浪费。expireIfNeeded(redisDb *db, robj *key)函数位于src/db.c。

/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Expires API
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
int removeExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
 /* An expire may only be removed if there is a corresponding entry in the
 * main dict. Otherwise, the key will never be freed. */
 redisAssertWithInfo(NULL,key,dictFind(db->dict,key->ptr) != NULL);
 return dictDelete(db->expires,key->ptr) == DICT_OK;
}
 
void setExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key, long long when) {
 dictEntry *kde, *de;
 
 /* Reuse the sds from the main dict in the expire dict */
 kde = dictFind(db->dict,key->ptr);
 redisAssertWithInfo(NULL,key,kde != NULL);
 de = dictReplaceRaw(db->expires,dictGetKey(kde));
 dictSetSignedIntegerVal(de,when);
}
 
/* Return the expire time of the specified key, or -1 if no expire
 * is associated with this key (i.e. the key is non volatile) */
long long getExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
 dictEntry *de;
 
 /* No expire? return ASAP */
 if (dictSize(db->expires) == 0 ||
 (de = dictFind(db->expires,key->ptr)) == NULL) return -1;
 
 /* The entry was found in the expire dict, this means it should also
 * be present in the main dict (safety check). */
 redisAssertWithInfo(NULL,key,dictFind(db->dict,key->ptr) != NULL);
 return dictGetSignedIntegerVal(de);
}
 
/* Propagate expires into slaves and the AOF file.
 * When a key expires in the master, a DEL operation for this key is sent
 * to all the slaves and the AOF file if enabled.
 *
 * This way the key expiry is centralized in one place, and since both
 * AOF and the master->slave link guarantee operation ordering, everything
 * will be consistent even if we allow write operations against expiring
 * keys. */
void propagateExpire(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
 robj *argv[2];
 
 argv[0] = shared.del;
 argv[1] = key;
 incrRefCount(argv[0]);
 incrRefCount(argv[1]);
 
 if (server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF)
 feedAppendOnlyFile(server.delCommand,db->id,argv,2);
 replicationFeedSlaves(server.slaves,db->id,argv,2);
 
 decrRefCount(argv[0]);
 decrRefCount(argv[1]);
}
 
int expireIfNeeded(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
 mstime_t when = getExpire(db,key);
 mstime_t now;
 
 if (when < 0) return 0; /* No expire for this key */ /* Don't expire anything while loading. It will be done later. */ if (server.loading) return 0; /* If we are in the context of a Lua script, we claim that time is * blocked to when the Lua script started. This way a key can expire * only the first time it is accessed and not in the middle of the * script execution, making propagation to slaves / AOF consistent. * See issue #1525 on Github for more information. */ now = server.lua_caller ? server.lua_time_start : mstime(); /* If we are running in the context of a slave, return ASAP: * the slave key expiration is controlled by the master that will * send us synthesized DEL operations for expired keys. * * Still we try to return the right information to the caller, * that is, 0 if we think the key should be still valid, 1 if * we think the key is expired at this time. */ if (server.masterhost != NULL) return now > when;
 
 /* Return when this key has not expired */
 if (now <= when) return 0; /* Delete the key */ server.stat_expiredkeys++; propagateExpire(db,key); notifyKeyspaceEvent(REDIS_NOTIFY_EXPIRED, "expired",key,db->id);
 return dbDelete(db,key);
}
 
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Expires Commands
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
/* This is the generic command implementation for EXPIRE, PEXPIRE, EXPIREAT
 * and PEXPIREAT. Because the commad second argument may be relative or absolute
 * the "basetime" argument is used to signal what the base time is (either 0
 * for *AT variants of the command, or the current time for relative expires).
 *
 * unit is either UNIT_SECONDS or UNIT_MILLISECONDS, and is only used for
 * the argv[2] parameter. The basetime is always specified in milliseconds. */
void expireGenericCommand(redisClient *c, long long basetime, int unit) {
 robj *key = c->argv[1], *param = c->argv[2];
 long long when; /* unix time in milliseconds when the key will expire. */
 
 if (getLongLongFromObjectOrReply(c, param, &when, NULL) != REDIS_OK)
 return;
 
 if (unit == UNIT_SECONDS) when *= 1000;
 when += basetime;
 
 /* No key, return zero. */
 if (lookupKeyRead(c->db,key) == NULL) {
 addReply(c,shared.czero);
 return;
 }
 
 /* EXPIRE with negative TTL, or EXPIREAT with a timestamp into the past
 * should never be executed as a DEL when load the AOF or in the context
 * of a slave instance.
 *
 * Instead we take the other branch of the IF statement setting an expire
 * (possibly in the past) and wait for an explicit DEL from the master. */
 if (when <= mstime() && !server.loading && !server.masterhost) { robj *aux; redisAssertWithInfo(c,key,dbDelete(c->db,key));
 server.dirty++;
 
 /* Replicate/A