超级炫酷的HTML5 Canvas网络画板代码示例详解

超级炫酷的HTML5 Canvas网络画板代码示例详解

在今天的HTML教程里，我们要学习一下如何使用HTML5 Canvas实现一个超酷而又简单的网络画板功能。在这个教程中，我们可以选择笔刷的类型、笔刷的大小以及笔刷的颜色，当然作为画板还需要很多功能，这里只是最基本的绘制功能，大家可以自己实现类似矩形、椭圆等复杂元素的绘制。

你也可以再这里查看DEMO演示

下面我们来简单地分析一下实现这个HTML5网页画板的原理及代码，代码由HTML以及Javascript组成，主要还是Javascript代码。

HTML代码：

<p style="width:530px;margin:10px auto">
    <p id="canvasp"></p>
</p>

HTML代码非常简单，仅仅是构造了一个canvas容器，我们的画板就在这个地方生成。

Javascript代码：

首先我们通过一组变量来定义画板的样式，以及一些数据的初始化：

var canvas;
var context;
var canvasWidth = 490;
var canvasHeight = 220;
var padding = 25;
var lineWidth = 8;
var colorPurple = "#cb3594";
var colorGreen = "#659b41";
var colorYellow = "#ffcf33";
var colorBrown = "#986928";
var outlineImage = new Image();
var crayonImage = new Image();
var markerImage = new Image();
var eraserImage = new Image();
var crayonBackgroundImage = new Image();
var markerBackgroundImage = new Image();
var eraserBackgroundImage = new Image();
var crayonTextureImage = new Image();
var clickX = new Array();
var clickY = new Array();
var clickColor = new Array();
var clickTool = new Array();
var clickSize = new Array();
var clickDrag = new Array();
var paint = false;
var curColor = colorPurple;
var curTool = "crayon";
var curSize = "normal";
var mediumStartX = 18;
var mediumStartY = 19;
var mediumImageWidth = 93;
var mediumImageHeight = 46;
var drawingAreaX = 111;
var drawingAreaY = 11;
var drawingAreaWidth = 267;
var drawingAreaHeight = 200;
var toolHotspotStartY = 23;
var toolHotspotHeight = 38;
var sizeHotspotStartY = 157;
var sizeHotspotHeight = 36;
var sizeHotspotWidthObject = new Object();
sizeHotspotWidthObject.huge = 39;
sizeHotspotWidthObject.large = 25;
sizeHotspotWidthObject.normal = 18;
sizeHotspotWidthObject.small = 16;
var totalLoadResources = 8;
var curLoadResNum = 0;

接下来开始准备画布，也就是初始化Canvas对象：

function prepareCanvas()
{
    // Create the canvas (Neccessary for IE because it doesn't know what a canvas element is)
    var canvasp = document.getElementById('canvasp');
    canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
    canvas.setAttribute('width', canvasWidth);
    canvas.setAttribute('height', canvasHeight);
    canvas.setAttribute('id', 'canvas');
    canvasp.appendChild(canvas);
    if(typeof G_vmlCanvasManager != 'undefined') {
        canvas = G_vmlCanvasManager.initElement(canvas);
    }
    context = canvas.getContext("2d"); // Grab the 2d canvas context
    // Note: The above code is a workaround for IE 8 and lower. Otherwise we could have used:
    //     context = document.getElementById('canvas').getContext("2d");

    // Load images
    // -----------
    crayonImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    crayonImage.src = "images/crayon-outline.png";
    //context.drawImage(crayonImage, 0, 0, 100, 100);

    markerImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    markerImage.src = "images/marker-outline.png";

    eraserImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    eraserImage.src = "images/eraser-outline.png";    

    crayonBackgroundImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    crayonBackgroundImage.src = "images/crayon-background.png";

    markerBackgroundImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    markerBackgroundImage.src = "images/marker-background.png";

    eraserBackgroundImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    eraserBackgroundImage.src = "images/eraser-background.png";

    crayonTextureImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    crayonTextureImage.src = "images/crayon-texture.png";

    outlineImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    outlineImage.src = "images/watermelon-duck-outline.png";

    // Add mouse events
    // ----------------
    $('#canvas').mousedown(function(e)
    {
        // Mouse down location
        var mouseX = e.pageX - this.offsetLeft;
        var mouseY = e.pageY - this.offsetTop;

        if(mouseX < drawingAreaX) // Left of the drawing area
        {
            if(mouseX > mediumStartX)
            {
                if(mouseY > mediumStartY && mouseY < mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight){
                    curColor = colorPurple;
                }else if(mouseY > mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight && mouseY < mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight * 2){
                    curColor = colorGreen;
                }else if(mouseY > mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight * 2 && mouseY < mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight * 3){
                    curColor = colorYellow;
                }else if(mouseY > mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight * 3 && mouseY < mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight * 4){
                    curColor = colorBrown;
                }
            }
        }
        else if(mouseX > drawingAreaX + drawingAreaWidth) // Right of the drawing area
        {
            if(mouseY > toolHotspotStartY)
            {
                if(mouseY > sizeHotspotStartY)
                {
                    var sizeHotspotStartX = drawingAreaX + drawingAreaWidth;
                    if(mouseY < sizeHotspotStartY + sizeHotspotHeight && mouseX > sizeHotspotStartX)
                    {
                        if(mouseX < sizeHotspotStartX + sizeHotspotWidthObject.huge){
                            curSize = "huge";
                        }else if(mouseX < sizeHotspotStartX + sizeHotspotWidthObject.large + sizeHotspotWidthObject.huge){
                            curSize = "large";
                        }else if(mouseX < sizeHotspotStartX + sizeHotspotWidthObject.normal + 
                        sizeHotspotWidthObject.large + sizeHotspotWidthObject.huge){
                            curSize = "normal";
                        }else if(mouseX < sizeHotspotStartX + sizeHotspotWidthObject.small + 
                        sizeHotspotWidthObject.normal + sizeHotspotWidthObject.large + sizeHotspotWidthObject.huge){
                            curSize = "small";                        
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if(mouseY < toolHotspotStartY + toolHotspotHeight){
                        curTool = "crayon";
                    }else if(mouseY < toolHotspotStartY + toolHotspotHeight * 2){
                        curTool = "marker";
                    }else if(mouseY < toolHotspotStartY + toolHotspotHeight * 3){
                        curTool = "eraser";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else if(mouseY > drawingAreaY && mouseY < drawingAreaY + drawingAreaHeight)
        {
            // Mouse click location on drawing area
        }
        paint = true;
        addClick(mouseX, mouseY, false);