Windows和Linux系统下perl连接SQL Server数据库的方法

本文将提供一些perl连接Microsoft SQL Server数据库的实例。perl脚本运行在Windows和Linux平台。

Windows平台

如果在Windows平台下运行perl脚本，建议使用依赖DBI的两个模块包，提供标准的数据库接口模块。

DBD::ODBC
DBD::ADO

使用DBD::ODBC

如果选用DBD::ODBC，下面的实例代码将展示如何连接到SQL Server数据库：

use DBI;
 
# DBD::ODBC
 
my $dsn = 'DBI:ODBC:Driver={SQL Server}';
my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433';
my $database = 'my_database';
my $user = 'sa';
my $auth = ‘s3cr3t';
 
# Connect via DBD::ODBC by specifying the DSN dynamically.
my $dbh = DBI->connect("$dsn;Server=$host;Database=$database",
 $user,
 $auth,
 { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1}
 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr";
 
#Prepare a SQL statement my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees ";
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql );
 
#Execute the statement
$sth->execute();
 
my( $id, $name, $phone_number );
 
# Bind the results to the local variables
$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number );
 
#Retrieve values from the result set
while( $sth->fetch() ) {
 print "$id, $name, $phone_number\n";
}
 
#Close the connection
$sth->finish();
$dbh->disconnect();
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你还可以使用预先设置的一个系统DSN来连接。要建立一个系统DSN，可以这样访问控制面板->管理工具->数据源。

使用系统DSN连接，需要更改连接字符串。如下所示：

# Connect via DBD::ODBC using a System DSN
my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:ODBC:my_system_dsn",
 $user,
 $auth,
 {
 RaiseError => 1,
 AutoCommit => 1
 }
 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr";
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使用DBD::ADO

如果选择DBD::ADO模块，下面的实例展示如何连接到SQL Server数据库。

use DBI;
 
my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433';
my $database = 'my_database';
my $user = 'sa';
my $auth = ‘s3cr3t';
 
# DBD::ADO
$dsn = "Provider=sqloledb;Trusted Connection=yes;";
$dsn .= "Server=$host;Database=$database";
my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:ADO:$dsn",
 $user,
 $auth,
 { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1}
 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr";
 
#Prepare a SQL statement
my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees "; my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql );
 
#Execute the statement
$sth->execute();
 
my( $id, $name, $phone_number );
 
# Bind the results to the local variables
$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number );
 
#Retrieve values from the result set
while( $sth->fetch() ) {
 print "$id, $name, $phone_number\n";
}
 
#Close the connection
$sth->finish();
$dbh->disconnect();
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Linux平台

如果是在Linux平台下运行perl脚本，连接SQL Server数据库需要使用到DBD::Sybase包。

安装SQL Server支持库

Sybase DBD包依赖FreeTDS驱动程序。

FreeTDS下载地址：www.freetds.org

安装FreeTDS驱动的说明文档参见：http://www.freetds.org/userguide/config.htm

该驱动没有使用到ODBC.

配置数据源

修改freetds.conf文件包括SQL Server数据库信息，如下所示：
[SS_MY_DB]
host = 10.0.0.1 # or host name port = 1433
tds version = 7.0
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安装Sybase DBD模块

该模块文档参见：http://search.cpan.org/~mewp/DBD-Sybase/Sybase.pm

此外，需要将sybase环境变量应设置为FreeTDS安装路径，export SYBASE=/usr/local/freetds

使用Sybase DBI和SQL Server DSN实例

# load the DBI module
use DBI;
use DBD::Sybase;
 
my $database="my_database";
my $user="sa";
my $auth="s3cr3t";
 
BEGIN
{
 $ENV{SYBASE} = "/usr/local";
}
 
# Connect to the SQL Server Database
my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:Sybase:server=ss_my_db;database=$database",
 $user,
 $auth
 {RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1}
 ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr";
 
#Prepare a SQL statement
my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees";
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql );
 
#Execute the statement
$sth->execute();
 
my( $id, $name, $phone_number );
 
# Bind the results to the local variables
$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number );
 
#Retrieve values from the result set
while( $sth->fetch() ) {  print "$name, $title, $phone\n";
}
 
#Close the connection
$sth->finish();
undef $sth; # This fixes a segfault bug with certain versions of DBD::Sybase
$dbh->disconnect();
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