常用python编程模板汇总

在我们编程时，有一些代码是固定的，例如Socket连接的代码，读取文件内容的代码，一般情况下我都是到网上搜一下然后直接粘贴下来改一改，当然如果你能自己记住所有的代码那更厉害，但是自己写毕竟不如粘贴来的快，而且自己写的代码还要测试，而一段经过测试的代码则可以多次使用，所以这里我就自己总结了一下python中常用的编程模板，如果还有哪些漏掉了请大家及时补充哈。

一、读写文件

1、读文件

（1）、一次性读取全部内容

filepath='D:/data.txt' #文件路径

with open(filepath, 'r') as f:
  print f.read()

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（2）读取固定字节大小

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

filepath='D:/data.txt' #文件路径

f = open(filepath, 'r')
content=""
try:
  while True:
    chunk = f.read(8)
    if not chunk:
      break
    content+=chunk
finally:
  f.close()
  print content

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（3）每次读取一行

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

filepath='D:/data.txt' #文件路径

f = open(filepath, "r")
content=""
try:
  while True:
    line = f.readline()
    if not line:
      break
    content+=line
finally:
  f.close()
  print content

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（4）一次读取所有的行

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

filepath='D:/data.txt' #文件路径

with open(filepath, "r") as f:
  txt_list = f.readlines()

for i in txt_list:
  print i,

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2、写文件

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

filepath='D:/data1.txt' #文件路径

with open(filepath, "w") as f: #w会覆盖原来的文件，a会在文件末尾追加
  f.write('1234')

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二、连接Mysql数据库

1、连接

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import MySQLdb

DB_URL='localhost'
USER_NAME='root'
PASSWD='1234'
DB_NAME='test'

# 打开数据库连接
db = MySQLdb.connect(DB_URL,USER_NAME,PASSWD,DB_NAME)

# 使用cursor()方法获取操作游标 
cursor = db.cursor()

# 使用execute方法执行SQL语句
cursor.execute("SELECT VERSION()")

# 使用 fetchone() 方法获取一条数据库。
data = cursor.fetchone()

print "Database version : %s " % data

# 关闭数据库连接
db.close()

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2、创建表

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import MySQLdb

# 打开数据库连接
db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","testuser","test123","TESTDB" )

# 使用cursor()方法获取操作游标 
cursor = db.cursor()

# 如果数据表已经存在使用 execute() 方法删除表。
cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS EMPLOYEE")

# 创建数据表SQL语句
sql = """CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (
     FIRST_NAME CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
     LAST_NAME CHAR(20),
     AGE INT, 
     SEX CHAR(1),
     INCOME FLOAT )"""

cursor.execute(sql)

# 关闭数据库连接
db.close()

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3、插入

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import MySQLdb

# 打开数据库连接
db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","testuser","test123","TESTDB" )

# 使用cursor()方法获取操作游标 
cursor = db.cursor()

# SQL 插入语句
sql = """INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(FIRST_NAME,
     LAST_NAME, AGE, SEX, INCOME)
     VALUES ('Mac', 'Mohan', 20, 'M', 2000)"""
try:
  # 执行sql语句
  cursor.execute(sql)
  # 提交到数据库执行
  db.commit()
except:
  # Rollback in case there is any error
  db.rollback()

# 关闭数据库连接
db.close()

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4、查询

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import MySQLdb

# 打开数据库连接
db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","testuser","test123","TESTDB" )

# 使用cursor()方法获取操作游标 
cursor = db.cursor()

# SQL 查询语句
sql = "SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE \
    WHERE INCOME > '%d'" % (1000)
try:
  # 执行SQL语句
  cursor.execute(sql)
  # 获取所有记录列表
  results = cursor.fetchall()
  for row in results:
   fname = row[0]
   lname = row[1]
   age = row[2]
   sex = row[3]
   income = row[4]
   # 打印结果
   print "fname=%s,lname=%s,age=%d,sex=%s,income=%d" % \
       (fname, lname, age, sex, income )
except:
  print "Error: unable to fecth data"

# 关闭数据库连接
db.close()

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5、更新

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import MySQLdb

# 打开数据库连接
db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","testuser","test123","TESTDB" )

# 使用cursor()方法获取操作游标 
cursor = db.cursor()

# SQL 更新语句
sql = "UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET AGE = AGE + 1
             WHERE SEX = '%c'" % ('M')
try:
  # 执行SQL语句
  cursor.execute(sql)
  # 提交到数据库执行
  db.commit()
except:
  # 发生错误时回滚
  db.rollback()

# 关闭数据库连接
db.close()

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三、Socket

1、服务器

from socket import *
from time import ctime

HOST = ''
PORT = 21568
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
tcpSerSock.listen(5)

while True:
  print 'waiting for connection...'
  tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept() 
  print '...connected from:', addr

  while True:
    try:
      data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ) 
      print '<', data
      tcpCliSock.send('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data)) 
    except:
      print 'disconnect from:', addr
      tcpCliSock.close() 
      break
tcpSerSock.close()

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2、客户端

from socket import *

HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 21568
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR) 

try:
  while True:
    data = raw_input('>')
    if data == 'close':
      break
    if not data:
      continue
    tcpCliSock.send(data) 
    data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ) 
    print data
except:
  tcpCliSock.close() 

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四、多线程

import time, threading

# 新线程执行的代码:
def loop():
  print 'thread %s is running...' % threading.current_thread().name
  n = 0
  while n < 5:
    n = n + 1
    print 'thread %s >>> %s' % (threading.current_thread().name, n)
    time.sleep(1)
  print 'thread %s ended.' % threading.current_thread().name

print 'thread %s is running...' % threading.current_thread().name
t = threading.Thread(target=loop, name='LoopThread')
t.start()
t.join()
print 'thread %s ended.' % threading.current_thread().name

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还请大家积极补充！

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