通过本文主要向大家介绍了python shutil模块,python shutil,python中shutil,python shutil.move,python shutil.rmtree等相关知识,希望对您有所帮助,也希望大家支持linkedu.com www.linkedu.com
os模块提供了对目录或者文件的新建/删除/查看文件属性，还提供了对文件以及目录的路径操作。比如说：绝对路径，父目录…… 但是，os文件的操作还应该包含移动 复制 打包 压缩 解压等操作，这些os模块都没有提供。
而本文所讲的shutil则就是对os中文件操作的补充。--移动 复制 打包 压缩 解压，
shutil函数功能：
1 shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst[, length=16*1024])
copy文件内容到另一个文件，可以copy指定大小的内容
先来看看其源代码。
def copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16*1024):
"""copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst"""
while 1:
buf = fsrc.read(length)
if not buf:
break
fdst.write(buf)
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注意！ 在其中fsrc，fdst都是文件对象，都需要打开后才能进行复制操作
import shutil
f1=open('name','r')
f2=open('name_copy','w+')
shutil.copyfileobj(f1,f2,length=16*1024)
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2 shutil.copyfile(src,dst)
copy文件内容，是不是感觉上面的文件复制很麻烦？还需要自己手动用open函数打开文件，在这里就不需要了，事实上，copyfile调用了copyfileobj
def copyfile(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
if _samefile(src, dst):
raise SameFileError("{!r} and {!r} are the same file".format(src, dst))
for fn in [src, dst]:
try:
st = os.stat(fn)
except OSError:
# File most likely does not exist
pass
else:
# XXX What about other special files? (sockets, devices...)
if stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode):
raise SpecialFileError("`%s` is a named pipe" % fn)
if not follow_symlinks and os.path.islink(src):
os.symlink(os.readlink(src), dst)
else:
with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc:
with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst)
return dst
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shutil.copyfile('name','name_copy_2')
#一句就可以实现复制文件内容
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3 shutil.copymode(src,dst)
仅copy权限，不更改文件内容，组和用户。
def copymode(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
if not follow_symlinks and os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst):
if hasattr(os, 'lchmod'):
stat_func, chmod_func = os.lstat, os.lchmod
else:
return
elif hasattr(os, 'chmod'):
stat_func, chmod_func = os.stat, os.chmod
else:
return
st = stat_func(src)
chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode))
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先看两个文件的权限
[root@slyoyo python_test]# ls -l total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 79 May 14 05:17 test1 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 May 14 19:10 test2</div>
运行命令
>>> import shutil
>>> shutil.copymode('test1','test2')
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查看结果
[root@slyoyo python_test]# ls -l total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 79 May 14 05:17 test1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 14 19:10 test2</div>
当我们将目标文件换为一个不存在的文件时报错
>>> shutil.copymode('test1','test3')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/local/python/lib/python3.4/shutil.py", line 132, in copymode
chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode))
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'test233'
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4 shutil.copystat(src,dst)
复制所有的状态信息，包括权限，组，用户，时间等
def copystat(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
def _nop(*args, ns=None, follow_symlinks=None):
pass
# follow symlinks (aka don't not follow symlinks)
follow = follow_symlinks or not (os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst))
if follow:
# use the real function if it exists
def lookup(name):
return getattr(os, name, _nop)
else:
# use the real function only if it exists
# *and* it supports follow_symlinks
def lookup(name):
fn = getattr(os, name, _nop)
if fn in os.supports_follow_symlinks:
return fn
return _nop
st = lookup("stat")(src, follow_symlinks=follow)
mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
lookup("utime")(dst, ns=(st.st_atime_ns, st.st_mtime_ns),
follow_symlinks=follow)
try:
lookup("chmod")(dst, mode, follow_symlinks=follow)
except NotImplementedError:
# if we got a NotImplementedError, it's because
# * follow_symlinks=False,
# * lchown() is unavailable, and
# * either
# * fchownat() is unavailable or
# * fchownat() doesn't implement AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW.
# (it returned ENOSUP.)
# therefore we're out of options--we simply cannot chown the
# symlink. give up, suppress the error.
# (which is what shutil always did in this circumstance.)
pass
if hasattr(st, 'st_flags'):
try:
lookup("chflags")(dst, st.st_flags, follow_symlinks=follow)
except OSError as why:
for err in 'EOPNOTSUPP', 'ENOTSUP':
if hasattr(errno, err) and why.errno == getattr(errno, err):
break
else:
raise
_copyxattr(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow)
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5 shutil.copy(src,dst)
复制文件的内容以及权限，先copyfile后copymode
def copy(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
if os.path.isdir(dst):
dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
copymode(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
return dst
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6 shutil.copy2(src,dst)
复制文件的内容以及文件的所有状态信息。先copyfile后copystat
def copy2(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy data and all stat info ("cp -p src dst"). Return the file's
destination."
The destination may be a directory.
If follow_symlinks is false, symlinks won't be followed. This
resembles GNU's "cp -P src dst".
"""
if os.path.isdir(dst):
dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
copystat(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
return dst
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7 shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, copy_function=copy2,ignore_dangling_symlinks=False)
递归的复制文件内容及状态信息
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, copy_function=copy2,
ignore_dangling_symlinks=False):
names = os.listdir(src)
if ignore is not None:
ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
else:
ignored_names = set()
os.makedirs(dst)
errors = []
for name in names:
if name in ignored_names:
continue
srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
try:
if os.path.islink(srcname):
linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
if symlinks:
# We can't just leave it to `copy_function` because legacy
# code with a custom `copy_function` may rely on copytree
# doing the right thing.
os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
copystat(srcname, dstname, follow_symlinks=not symlink