原则, 以datetime为中心, 起点或中转, 转化为目标对象, 涵盖了大多数业务场景中需要的日期转换处理
步骤:
1. 掌握几种对象及其关系
2. 了解每类对象的基本操作方法
3. 通过转化关系转化
涉及对象
1. datetime
>>> import datetime
>>> now = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> now
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 9, 12, 946118)
>>> type(now)
<type 'datetime.datetime'>
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2. timestamp
>>> import time
>>> time.time()
1421075455.568243
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3. time tuple
>>> import time
>>> time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=10, tm_sec=30, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=0)
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4. string
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'
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5. date
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().date()
datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
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datetime基本操作
1. 获取当前datetime
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 26, 24, 475680)
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2. 获取当天date
>>> datetime.date.today()
datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
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3. 获取明天/前N天
明天
>>> datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
datetime.date(2015, 1, 13)
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三天前
>>> datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 38, 55, 492226)
>>> datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3)
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 9, 23, 38, 57, 59363)
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4. 获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)
>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.min)
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)
>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.max)
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 59, 59, 999999)
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5. 获取两个datetime的时间差
>>> (datetime.datetime(2015,1,13,12,0,0) - datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds()
44747.768075
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6. 获取本周/本月/上月最后一天
本周
>>> today = datetime.date.today()
>>> today
datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
>>> sunday = today + datetime.timedelta(6 - today.weekday())
>>> sunday
datetime.date(2015, 1, 18)
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本月
>>> import calendar
>>> today = datetime.date.today()
>>> _, last_day_num = calendar.monthrange(today.year, today.month)
>>> last_day = datetime.date(today.year, today.month, last_day_num)
>>> last_day
datetime.date(2015, 1, 31)
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获取上个月的最后一天(可能跨年)
>>> import datetime
>>> today = datetime.date.today()
>>> first = datetime.date(day=1, month=today.month, year=today.year)
>>> lastMonth = first - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
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关系转换
几个关系之间的转化
Datetime Object / String / timestamp / time tuple
关系转换例子
datetime <=> string
datetime -> string
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'
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string -> datetime
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.strptime("2014-12-31 18:20:10", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 31,