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Android中Window添加View的底层原理
一,WIndow和windowManager
Window是一个抽象类,它的具体实现是PhoneWindow,创建一个window很简单,只需要创建一个windowManager即可,window具体实现在windowManagerService中,windowManager和windowManagerService的交互是一个IPC的过程。</div> 下面是用windowManager的例子:</div>
mFloatingButton = new Button(this);
mFloatingButton.setText( "window");
mLayoutParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams(
LayoutParams. WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, 0, 0,
PixelFormat. TRANSPARENT);
mLayoutParams. flags = LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL
| LayoutParams. FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE
| LayoutParams. FLAG_SHOW_WHEN_LOCKED;
mLayoutParams. type = LayoutParams. TYPE_SYSTEM_ERROR;
mLayoutParams. gravity = Gravity. LEFT | Gravity. TOP;
mLayoutParams. x = 100;
mLayoutParams. y = 300;
mFloatingButton.setOnTouchListener( this);
mWindowManager.addView( mFloatingButton, mLayoutParams);
flags和type两个属性很重要,下面对一些属性进行介绍,首先是flags:</div> FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL表示不需要获取焦点,也不需要接收各种输入,最终事件直接传递给下层具有焦点的window。</div> FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE:在此window外的区域单击事件传递到底层window中。当前的区域则自己处理,这个一般都要设置,很重要。</div> :开启可以让window显示在锁屏界面上。</div> 再来看下type这个参数:</div> window有三种类型:应用window,子window,系统window。应用类对应一个Activity,子Window不能单独存在,需要附属在父Window上,比如常用的Dialog。系统Window是需要声明权限再创建的window,如toast等。</div> window有z-ordered属性,层级越大,越在顶层。应用window层级1-99,子window1000-1999,系统2000-2999。这此层级对应着windowManager的type参数。系统层级常用的有两个TYPE_SYSTEM_OVERLAY或者TYPE_SYSTEM_ERROR。比如想用TYPE_SYSTEM_ERROR,只需</div> </div> </div> 有了对window的基本认识之后,我们来看下它底层如何实现加载View的。</div>
二,window的创建。
其实Window的创建跟之前我写的一篇博客LayoutInflater源码分析有点相似。Window的创建是在Activity创建的attach方法中,通过PolicyManager的makeNewWindow方法。Activity中实现了Window的Callback接口,因此当window状态改变时就会回调Activity方法。如onAttachedToWindow等。PolicyManager的真正实现类是Policy,看下它的代码:</div>
public Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
return new PhoneWindow(context);
}
到此Window创建完成。</div>
下面分析view是如何附属到window上的。看Activity的setContentView方法。</div>
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
initWindowDecorActionBar();
}
两部分,设置内容和设置ActionBar。window的具体实现是PhoneWindow,看它的setContent。</div>
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
// Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
// decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
// before this happens.
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
}
if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
getContext());
transitionTo(newScene);
} else {
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
}
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
}
看到了吧,又是分析它。</div>
这里分三步执行:</div>
1.如果没有DecorView,在installDecor中的generateDecor()创建DecorView。之前就分析过,这次就不再分析它了。</div>
2.将View添加到decorview中的mContentParent中。</div>
3.回调Activity的onContentChanged接口。</div>
经过以上操作,DecorView创建了,但还没有正式添加到Window中。在ActivityResumeActivity中首先会调用Activity的onResume,再调用Activity的makeVisible,makeVisible中真正添加view ,代码如下:
void makeVisible() {
if (!mWindowAdded) {
ViewManager wm = getWindowManager();
wm.addView(mDecor, getWindow().getAttributes());
mWindowAdded = true;
}
mDecor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
通过上面的addView方法将View添加到Window。</div>
三,Window操作View内部机制
1.window的添加
一个window对应一个view和一个viewRootImpl,window和view通过ViewRootImpl来建立联系,它并不存在,实体是view。只能通过windowManager来操作它。</div> windowManager的实现类是windowManagerImpl。它并没有直接实现三大操作,而是委托给WindowManagerGlobal。addView的实现分为以下几步:</div> 1.检查参数是否合法。</div>
if (view == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
}
if (display == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("display must not be null");
}
if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
}
final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams)params;
if (parentWindow != null) {
parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
} else {
// If there's no parent and we're running on L or above (or in the
// system context), assume we want hardware acceleration.
final Context context = view.getContext();
if (context != null
&& context.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
wparams.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED;
}
}
2.创建ViewRootImpl并将View添加到列表中。</div>
root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
mViews.add(view);
mRoots.add(root);
mParams.add(wparams);
3.通过ViewRootImpl来更新界面并完成window的添加过程 。</div>
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);上面的root就是ViewRootImpl,setView中通过requestLayout()来完成异步刷新,看下requestLayout:</div>
public void requestLayout() {
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
接下来通过WindowSession来完成window添加过程,WindowSession是一个Binder对象,真正的实现类是 Session,window的添加是一次IPC调用。
try {
mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type;
mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true;
collectViewAttributes();
res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes,
getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(),
mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets, mInputChannel);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
mAdded = false;

