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Android中Window添加View的底层原理
一,WIndow和windowManager
Window是一个抽象类,它的具体实现是PhoneWindow,创建一个window很简单,只需要创建一个windowManager即可,window具体实现在windowManagerService中,windowManager和windowManagerService的交互是一个IPC的过程。</div> 下面是用windowManager的例子:</div>mFloatingButton = new Button(this); mFloatingButton.setText( "window"); mLayoutParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams( LayoutParams. WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, 0, 0, PixelFormat. TRANSPARENT); mLayoutParams. flags = LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL | LayoutParams. FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE | LayoutParams. FLAG_SHOW_WHEN_LOCKED; mLayoutParams. type = LayoutParams. TYPE_SYSTEM_ERROR; mLayoutParams. gravity = Gravity. LEFT | Gravity. TOP; mLayoutParams. x = 100; mLayoutParams. y = 300; mFloatingButton.setOnTouchListener( this); mWindowManager.addView( mFloatingButton, mLayoutParams);
flags和type两个属性很重要,下面对一些属性进行介绍,首先是flags:</div> FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL表示不需要获取焦点,也不需要接收各种输入,最终事件直接传递给下层具有焦点的window。</div> FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE:在此window外的区域单击事件传递到底层window中。当前的区域则自己处理,这个一般都要设置,很重要。</div> :开启可以让window显示在锁屏界面上。</div> 再来看下type这个参数:</div> window有三种类型:应用window,子window,系统window。应用类对应一个Activity,子Window不能单独存在,需要附属在父Window上,比如常用的Dialog。系统Window是需要声明权限再创建的window,如toast等。</div> window有z-ordered属性,层级越大,越在顶层。应用window层级1-99,子window1000-1999,系统2000-2999。这此层级对应着windowManager的type参数。系统层级常用的有两个TYPE_SYSTEM_OVERLAY或者TYPE_SYSTEM_ERROR。比如想用TYPE_SYSTEM_ERROR,只需</div> </div> </div> 有了对window的基本认识之后,我们来看下它底层如何实现加载View的。</div>
二,window的创建。
其实Window的创建跟之前我写的一篇博客LayoutInflater源码分析有点相似。Window的创建是在Activity创建的attach方法中,通过PolicyManager的makeNewWindow方法。Activity中实现了Window的Callback接口,因此当window状态改变时就会回调Activity方法。如onAttachedToWindow等。PolicyManager的真正实现类是Policy,看下它的代码:</div>public Window makeNewWindow(Context context) { return new PhoneWindow(context); }到此Window创建完成。</div> 下面分析view是如何附属到window上的。看Activity的setContentView方法。</div>
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) { getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID); initWindowDecorActionBar(); }两部分,设置内容和设置ActionBar。window的具体实现是PhoneWindow,看它的setContent。</div>
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) { // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature // before this happens. if (mContentParent == null) { installDecor(); } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) { mContentParent.removeAllViews(); } if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) { final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID, getContext()); transitionTo(newScene); } else { mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent); } final Callback cb = getCallback(); if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) { cb.onContentChanged(); } }看到了吧,又是分析它。</div> 这里分三步执行:</div> 1.如果没有DecorView,在installDecor中的generateDecor()创建DecorView。之前就分析过,这次就不再分析它了。</div> 2.将View添加到decorview中的mContentParent中。</div> 3.回调Activity的onContentChanged接口。</div> 经过以上操作,DecorView创建了,但还没有正式添加到Window中。在ActivityResumeActivity中首先会调用Activity的onResume,再调用Activity的makeVisible,makeVisible中真正添加view ,代码如下:
void makeVisible() { if (!mWindowAdded) { ViewManager wm = getWindowManager(); wm.addView(mDecor, getWindow().getAttributes()); mWindowAdded = true; } mDecor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); }通过上面的addView方法将View添加到Window。</div>
三,Window操作View内部机制
1.window的添加
一个window对应一个view和一个viewRootImpl,window和view通过ViewRootImpl来建立联系,它并不存在,实体是view。只能通过windowManager来操作它。</div> windowManager的实现类是windowManagerImpl。它并没有直接实现三大操作,而是委托给WindowManagerGlobal。addView的实现分为以下几步:</div> 1.检查参数是否合法。</div>if (view == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null"); } if (display == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("display must not be null"); } if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams"); } final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams)params; if (parentWindow != null) { parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams); } else { // If there's no parent and we're running on L or above (or in the // system context), assume we want hardware acceleration. final Context context = view.getContext(); if (context != null && context.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) { wparams.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED; } }
2.创建ViewRootImpl并将View添加到列表中。</div>
root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display); view.setLayoutParams(wparams); mViews.add(view); mRoots.add(root); mParams.add(wparams);3.通过ViewRootImpl来更新界面并完成window的添加过程 。</div>
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);上面的root就是ViewRootImpl,setView中通过requestLayout()来完成异步刷新,看下requestLayout:</div>
public void requestLayout() { if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) { checkThread(); mLayoutRequested = true; scheduleTraversals(); } }接下来通过WindowSession来完成window添加过程,WindowSession是一个Binder对象,真正的实现类是 Session,window的添加是一次IPC调用。
try { mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type; mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true; collectViewAttributes(); res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes, getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(), mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets, mInputChannel); } catch (RemoteException e) { mAdded = false;