很多时候我们复制一个对象实例A到实例B，在用实例B去做其他事情的时候，会对实例B进行修改，为保证对B的修改不会影响到A的正常使用，就需要使用到深复制。
我在网上搜到一些深复制的方法，同时写了几组例子对这些方法进行测试。
我的操作系统版本为Win7旗舰版，.NET Framework版本是4.5
测试程序
我建了一个C#窗体应用程序（Winform），其主窗口FormMain的Load函数内容如下：
private void FormMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//测试1：深度复制 自定义类
try
{
Console.WriteLine("=== 深度复制 自定义类 ===");
TestClass test1 = new TestClass();
test1.a = 10;
test1.b = "hello world!";
test1.c = new string[] { "x", "y", "z" };
TestClass test2 = new TestClass();
test2.a = 11;
test2.b = "hello world2!";
test2.c = new string[] { "i", "j", "k" };
test1.d = test2;
Console.WriteLine("---test1_start---");
Console.WriteLine(test1);
Console.WriteLine("---test1_end---");
TestClass test3 = (TestClass)DataManHelper.DeepCopyObject(test1);
Console.WriteLine("---test3_start---");
Console.WriteLine(test3);
Console.WriteLine("---test3_end---");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
}
</div>
//测试2：深度复制 可序列化的自定义类
try
{
Console.WriteLine("=== 深度复制 可序列化的自定义类 ===");
TestClassWithS test1 = new TestClassWithS();
test1.a = 10;
test1.b = "hello world!";
test1.c = new string[] { "x", "y", "z" };
TestClassWithS test2 = new TestClassWithS();
test2.a = 11;
test2.b = "hello world2!";
test2.c = new string[] { "i", "j", "k" };
test1.d = test2;
Console.WriteLine("---test1_start---");
Console.WriteLine(test1);
Console.WriteLine("---test1_end---");
TestClassWithS test3 = (TestClassWithS)DataManHelper.DeepCopyObject(test1);
Console.WriteLine("---test3_start---");
Console.WriteLine(test3);
Console.WriteLine("---test3_end---");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
}
</div>
//测试3：深度复制 DataTable
try
{
Console.WriteLine("=== 深度复制 DataTable ===");
DataTable dtKirov = new DataTable("TestTable");
dtKirov.Columns.Add("Col1");
dtKirov.Columns.Add("Col2");
dtKirov.Columns.Add("Col3");
dtKirov.Rows.Add("1-1", "1-2", "1-3");
dtKirov.Rows.Add("2-1", "2-2", "2-3");
dtKirov.Rows.Add("3-1", "3-2", "3-3");
Console.WriteLine("=== 复制前 ===");
for (int i = 0; i < dtKirov.Columns.Count; i++)
{
Console.Write(dtKirov.Columns[i].ColumnName + "\t");
}
Console.WriteLine("\n-----------------");
for (int i = 0; i < dtKirov.Columns.Count; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < dtKirov.Rows.Count; j++)
{
Console.Write(dtKirov.Rows[i][j].ToString() + "\t");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.WriteLine();
DataTable dtDreadNought = (DataTable)DataManHelper.DeepCopyObject(dtKirov);
Console.WriteLine("=== 复制后 ===");
for (int i = 0; i < dtDreadNought.Columns.Count; i++)
{
Console.Write(dtDreadNought.Columns[i].ColumnName + "\t");
}
Console.WriteLine("\n-----------------");
for (int i = 0; i < dtDreadNought.Columns.Count; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < dtDreadNought.Rows.Count; j++)
{
Console.Write(dtDreadNought.Rows[i][j].ToString() + "\t");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
}
</div>
//测试4：深度复制 TextBox
try
{
Console.WriteLine("=== 深度复制 TextBox ===");
txtTest.Text = "1234";
Console.WriteLine("复制前：" + txtTest.Text);
TextBox txtTmp = new TextBox();
txtTmp = (TextBox)DataManHelper.DeepCopyObject(txtTest);
Console.WriteLine("复制后：" + txtTmp.Text);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
}
</div>
//测试5：深度复制 DataGridView
try
{
Console.WriteLine("=== 深度复制 DataGridView ===");
DataGridView dgvTmp = new DataGridView();
dgvTmp = (DataGridView)DataManHelper.DeepCopyObject(dgvTest);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
}
}
</div>
其中txtTest是一个测试用的TextBox，dgvTmp是一个测试用的DataGridView，TestClass是一个自定义类，TestClassWithS是添加了Serializable特性的TestClass类，它们的具体实现如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace DataCopyTest
{
public class TestClass
{
public int a;
public string b;
public string[] c;
public TestClass d;
public override string ToString()
{
string s = "a:" + a + "\n";
if (b != null)
{
s += "b:" + b + "\n";
}
if (c != null)
{
foreach (string tmps in c)
{
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tmps))
{
s += "c:" + tmps + "\n";
}
}
}
if (d != null)
{
s += d.ToString();
}
return s;
}
}
//支持序列化的TestClass
[Serializable]
public class TestClassWithS
{
public int a;
public string b;
public string[] c;
public TestClassWithS d;
public override string ToString()
{
string s = "a:" + a + "\n";
if (b != null)
{
s += "b:" + b + "\n";
}
if (c != null)
{
foreach (string tmps in c)
{
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tmps))
{
s += "c:" + tmps + "\n";
}
}
}
if (d != null)
{
s += d.ToString();
}
return s;
}
}
}
</div>
我对每个搜来的深复制方法，都用了这五个类的实例进行深复制测试，这五个类的特征如下：
I、对自定义类TestClass进行深复制测试
II、对自定义类TestClassWithS进行深复制测试，TestClassWithS是添加了Serializable特性的TestClass类
III、对DataTable进行深复制测试
IV、对控件TextBox进行深复制测试
V、对控件DataGridView进行深复制测试
我们通过实现方法DataManHelper.DeepCopyObject来进行测试
测试深复制方法1
使用二进制流的序列化与反序列化深度复制对象
public static object DeepCopyObject(object obj)
{
BinaryFormatter Formatter = new BinaryFormatter(null,
new StreamingContext(StreamingContextStates.Clone));
MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
Formatter.Serialize(stream, obj);
stream.Position = 0;
object clonedObj = Formatter.Deserialize(stream);
stream.Close();
return clonedObj;
}
</div>
五个场景的测试结果为：
I、触发异常SerializationException，原因是该类不支持序列化
“System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationException”类型的第一次机会异常在 mscorlib.dll 中发生
System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationException: 程序集“DataCopyTest, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null”中的类型“DataCopyTest.TestClass”未标记为可序列化。
在 System.Runtime.Serialization.FormatterServices.InternalGetSerializableMembers(RuntimeType type)
在 System.Runtime.Serialization.FormatterServices.GetSerializableMembers(Type type, StreamingContext context)
在 System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.WriteObjectInfo.InitMemberInfo()
在 System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.WriteObjectInfo.InitSerialize(Object obj, ISurrogateSelector surrogateSelector, StreamingContext context, SerObjectInfoInit s