丛晓男 通过本文主要向大家介绍了c#双向链表,c#单链表,c#链表,c#单向链表,c#循环链表等相关知识,希望对您有所帮助,也希望大家支持linkedu.com www.linkedu.com
本文实例讲述了C#实现单链表(线性表)的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
顺序表由连续内存构成,链表则不同。顺序表的优势在于查找,链表的优势在于插入元素等操作。顺序表的例子:http://www.weikejianghu.com/article/87605.htm
要注意的是,单链表的Add()方法最好不要频繁调用,尤其是链表长度较长的时候,因为每次Add,都会从头节点到尾节点进行遍历,这个缺点的优化方法是将节点添加到头部,但顺序是颠倒的。
所以,在下面的例子中,执行Purge(清洗重复元素)的时候,没有使用Add()方法去添加元素,而是定义一个节点,让它始终指向目标单链表的最后一个节点,这样就不用每次都从头到尾遍历。
此外,链表还可以做成循环链表,即最后一个结点的next属性等于head,主要操作与单链表相似,判断最后一个结点,不是等于null,而是等于head
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace LinearList
{
//定义线性表的行为,可供顺序表类和单链表类继承
public interface IListDS<T>
{
int GetLength();
void Insert(T item, int i);
void Add(T item);
bool IsEmpty();
T GetElement(int i);
void Delete(int i);
void Clear();
int LocateElement(T item);
void Reverse();
}
//链表节点类
class Node<T>
{
private T tData;
private Node<T> nNext;
public T Data
{
get { return this.tData; }
set { this.tData = value; }
}
public Node<T> Next
{
get { return this.nNext; }
set { this.nNext = value; }
}
public Node()
{
this.tData = default(T);
this.nNext = null;
}
public Node(T t)
{
this.tData = t;
this.nNext = null;
}
public Node(T t,Node<T> node)
{
this.tData = t;
this.nNext = node;
}
}
//该枚举表示单链表Add元素的位置,分头部和尾部两种
enum AddPosition {Head,Tail};
//单链表类
class LinkedList<T>:IListDS<T>
{
private Node<T> tHead;//单链表的表头
public Node<T> Head
{
get { return this.tHead; }
set { this.tHead = value; }
}
public LinkedList()
{
this.tHead = null;
}
public LinkedList(Node<T> node)
{
this.tHead = node;
}
public void Add(T item,AddPosition p)//选择添加位置
{
if (p == AddPosition.Tail)
{
this.Add(item);//默认添加在末尾
}
else//从头部添加会节省查找的开销,时间复杂度为O(1)不必每次都循环到尾部,这恰好是顺序表的优点
{
Node<T> node = this.Head;
Node<T> nodeTmp = new Node<T>(item);
if (node == null)
{
this.Head = nodeTmp;
}
else
{
nodeTmp.Next = node;
this.tHead = nodeTmp;
}
}
}
#region IListDS<T> 成员
public int GetLength()
{
Node<T> node = new Node<T>();
int count = 0;
node = this.tHead;
while (node != null)
{
count++;
node = node.Next;
}
return count;
}
public void Insert(T item, int i)//i最小从1开始
{
Node<T> insertNode = new Node<T>(item, null);//实例化待添加的Node
if (this.tHead == null && i == 1)
{
this.tHead = insertNode;
return;
}
if (i < 1 || i > this.GetLength() || (this.tHead == null && i != 1))
{
Console.WriteLine("There are no elements in this linked list!");
return;
}
int j = 1;
Node<T> node = this.tHead;
Node<T> nodeTmp;
while (node != null && j < i)//循环结束时,保证node为第i个node
{
node = node.Next;
j++;
}
nodeTmp = node.Next;//原来的单链表的第i+1个node
node.Next = insertNode;//第i个node后的node修改为待插入的node
insertNode.Next = nodeTmp;//待插入的node插入后,其后继node为原来链表的第i+1个node
}
public void Add(T item)//添加至尾部,时间复杂度为O(n),如果添加至头部,则会节省循环的开销
{
Node<T> LastNode = new Node<T>(item, null);//实例化待添加的Node
if (this.tHead == null)
{
this.tHead = LastNode;
}
else
{
Node<T> node = this.tHead;
while (node.Next != null)
{
node = node.Next;
}
node.Next = LastNode;
}
}
public bool IsEmpty()
{
return this.tHead == null;
}
public T GetElement(int i)//设i最小从1开始
{
if (i < 1 || i > this.GetLength())
{
Console.WriteLine("The location is not right!");
return default(T);
}
else
{
if (i == 1)
{
return this.tHead.Data;
}
else
{
Node<T> node = this.tHead;
int j = 1;
while (j < i)
{
node = node.Next;
j++;
}
return node.Data;
}
}
}
public void Delete(int i)//设i最小从1开始
{
if (i < 1 || i > this.GetLength())
{
Console.WriteLine("The location is not right!");
}
else
{
if (i == 1)
{
Node<T> node = this.tHead;
this.tHead = node.Next;
}
else
{
Node<T> node = this.tHead;
int j = 1;
while (j < i-1)
{
node = node.Next;
j++;
}
node.Next = node.Next.Next;
}
}
}
public void Clear()
{
this.tHead = null;//讲thead设为null后,则所有后继结点由于失去引用,等待GC自动回收
}
public int LocateElement(T item)//返回值最小从1开始
{
if (this.tHead == null)
{
Console.WriteLine("There are no elements in this linked list!");
return -1;
}
Node<T> node = this.tHead;
int i = 0;
while (node != null)
{
i++;
if (node.Data.Equals(item))//如果Data是自定义类型,则其Equals函数必须override
{
return i;
}
node = node.Next;
}
Console.WriteLine("No found!");
return -1;
}
public void Reverse()
{
if (this.tHead == null)
{
Console.WriteLine("There are no elements in this linked list!");
}
else
{
Node<T> node = this.tHead;
if (node.Next == null)//如果只有头节点,则不作任何改动
{
}
else
{
Node<T> node1 = node.Next;
Node<T> node2;
while (node1 != null)
{
node2 = node.Next.Next;
node.Next = node2;//可以发现node始终未变,始终是原来的那个头节点
node1.Next = this.tHead;
this.tHead = node1;
node1 = node2;
}
}
}
}
#endregion
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
/*测试单链表的清空
lList.Clear();
Node<int> n = new Node<int>();
n = lList.Head;
while (n != null)
{
Console.WriteLine(n.Data);
n = n.Next;
}
Console.ReadLine();
*/
/*测试单链表返回元素个数
LinkedList<int> lList = new LinkedList<int>();
lList.Add(3);
Console.WriteLine(lList.GetLength());
Console.ReadLine();
*/
/*测试单链表插入
LinkedList<int> lList = new LinkedList<int>();
lList.Insert(0,1);
lList.Add(1);
lList.Add(2);
lList.Add(3);
lList.Add(4);
lList.Insert(99,3);
Node<int> n = new Node<int>();
n = lLi

