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1.配置pom.xml文件，添加build节点
<build>
<!-- 输出的包名 -->
<finalName>p2p</finalName>
<sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
<resources>
<!-- 控制资源文件的拷贝(默认复制到classes目录，最后打进jar包) -->
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<!-- 排除外置的配置文件(运行时注释上使IDE能读取到配置文件；打包时放开注释让配置文件外置方便修改) -->
<excludes>
<exclude>config.properties</exclude>
</excludes>
</resource>
<!-- 配置文件外置的资源(存放到config目录，也是classpath路径，下面会配置) -->
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>config.properties</include>
</includes>
<targetPath>${project.build.directory}/config</targetPath>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<!-- 设置编译版本 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 打包jar文件时，配置manifest文件，加入lib包的jar依赖 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<archive>
<!-- 清单文件，设置入口类和classpath -->
<manifest>
<mainClass>com.hdwang.Application</mainClass>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
</manifest>
<!-- 给清单文件添加键值对，增加classpath路径,这里将config目录也设置为classpath路径 -->
<manifestEntries>
<Class-Path>config/</Class-Path>
</manifestEntries>
</archive>
<classesDirectory>
</classesDirectory>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 拷贝依赖的jar包到lib目录 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>copy</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>
${project.build.directory}/lib
</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- 解决资源文件的编码问题 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<configuration>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 自定义打zip包 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1</version>
<configuration>
<descriptors>
<descriptor>src/main/assembly/assembly.xml</descriptor>
</descriptors>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-assembly</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</div>
这个pom配置文件中注意红色字体部分，这是实现配置文件外置的关键配置，思路就是配置文件不打进jar包，放置到外面，且将此文件夹设置为classpath，这样子程序便可以通过根据classloader很方便地读取到配置文件了。下面给出读取配置文件的java代码，在IDE运行时和打包后，代码都不用修改，因为配置文件总能从classpath路径中找到！！！
工具包的maven信息
<dependency> <groupId>commons-configuration</groupId> <artifactId>commons-configuration</artifactId> <version>1.10</version> </dependency></div>
2.新建maven-assembly-plugin插件的配置文件assembly.xml，内容如下
<assembly>
<id>bin</id>
<formats>
<format>zip</format>
</formats>
<!-- 使用assembly拷贝依赖包 -->
<!--<dependencySets>-->
<!--<dependencySet>-->
<!--<!– 是否包含自己（将项目生成的jar包也输出到lib目录） –>-->
<!--<useProjectArtifact>false</useProjectArtifact>-->
<!--<outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>-->
<!--</dependencySet>-->
<!--</dependencySets>-->
<fileSets>
<!-- 从目标目录拷贝文件去压缩 -->
<fileSet>
<directory>target</directory>
<includes>
<include>*.jar</include>
</includes>
<outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
</fileSet>
<fileSet>
<directory>target/lib</directory>
<outputDirectory>/lib</outputDirectory>
</fileSet>
<fileSet>
<directory>target/config</directory>
<outputDirectory>/config</outputDirectory>
</fileSet>
<!-- 从源目录拷贝文件去压缩 -->
<fileSet>
<directory>src/main/run</directory>
<includes>
<include>*.sh</include>
<include>*.cmd</include>
</includes>
<outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
</fileSet>
<fileSet>
<directory>src/main</directory>
<includes>
<include>ReadMe.txt</include>
</includes>
<outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
</fileSet>
</fileSets>
</assembly>
</div>
这个插件在package生命周期中运行，执行mvn package或者mvn install便可触发此插件的执行。这里我注释掉了拷贝依赖包的代码，是因为在pom.xml文件中已经配置了maven-dependency-plugin执行这样的操作，无须重复配置。fileSet可以配置需要拷贝压缩的文件，directory路径相对于项目根目录，outputDirectory路径相对于输出目录target，includes可以对拷贝的文件进行筛选。这里可以拷贝压缩输出目录的文